When Jean Baudrillard wrote about the precession of simulacra in 1981, he described a world where representations precede and determine reality itself. We no longer experience the real, he argued, but navigate through endless layers of signs, copies without originals, simulations that have become more real than reality. At the time, this seemed like philosophical abstraction. Today, scrolling through Instagram, interacting with ChatGPT, or watching deepfake videos, his observ

Der Bücherwurm" (The Bookworm) / Carl Spitzweg / 1850 There's a peculiar quality to AI-generated writing that most readers sense but few can articulate. The prose flows smoothly, transitions appear logical, yet something feels mechanical – as if the text were designed for someone who needs every conceptual leap explained. This isn't coincidence. Large language models have been trained predominantly on explicit academic writing, student essays optimized for standardized tests,

Luttrell Psalter (marginalia detail) / Unknown artist / c. 1325-1340 Medieval manuscript marginalia often featured obsessively repeated motifs – vines, scrollwork, hybrid creatures – that scribes drew while their minds wandered during repetitive textual labor. These doodles represent the creative output of semantic-saturated minds seeking novelty amid monotonous copying. The playful absurdity of marginal figures (like