When Jean Baudrillard wrote about the precession of simulacra in 1981, he described a world where representations precede and determine reality itself. We no longer experience the real, he argued, but navigate through endless layers of signs, copies without originals, simulations that have become more real than reality. At the time, this seemed like philosophical abstraction. Today, scrolling through Instagram, interacting with ChatGPT, or watching deepfake videos, his observ

Embroidering the Earth's Mantle  / Remedios Varo / 1961 I have spent years watching advanced English learners struggle with something that initially baffled me. These were people who could parse complex grammar, deploy sophisticated vocabulary, and handle abstract reasoning with confidence. Yet when asked to describe a simple scene they had never witnessed, to imagine the texture of an unfamiliar material, or to project themselves into a hypothetical scenario, they would free